We can solve the integral $\int\frac{1}{2\sin\left(x\right)\cos\left(x\right)}dx$ by applying the method Weierstrass substitution (also known as tangent half-angle substitution) which converts an integral of trigonometric functions into a rational function of $t$ by setting the substitution
Hence
Substituting in the original integral we get
Simplifying
Take the constant $\frac{1}{2}$ out of the integral
Rewrite the fraction $\frac{1+t^{2}}{\left(1-t^{2}\right)t}$ in $2$ simpler fractions using partial fraction decomposition
Simplify the expression
We can solve the integral $\int\frac{t}{1-t^{2}}dt$ by applying integration by substitution method (also called U-Substitution). First, we must identify a section within the integral with a new variable (let's call it $u$), which when substituted makes the integral easier. We see that $1-t^{2}$ it's a good candidate for substitution. Let's define a variable $u$ and assign it to the choosen part
Now, in order to rewrite $dt$ in terms of $du$, we need to find the derivative of $u$. We need to calculate $du$, we can do that by finding the derivative of the equation above
Isolate $dt$ in the previous equation
Substituting $u$ and $dt$ in the integral and simplify
The integral $-\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{1}{u}du$ results in: $-\frac{1}{2}\ln\left(1-t^{2}\right)$
The integral $\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{1}{t}dt$ results in: $\frac{1}{2}\ln\left(t\right)$
Gather the results of all integrals
Replace $t$ with the value that we assigned to it in the beginning: $\tan\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)$
As the integral that we are solving is an indefinite integral, when we finish integrating we must add the constant of integration $C$
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